Determination of Serum Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Indices of Subjects with Diabetic -Hypertensive Comorbidity in Some Tertiary Institutions in Bayelsa State

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic- hypertensive comorbidity poses significant health risk to the development or complications in cardiovascular disease CVD). Aim: This study aims to evaluate the influence of diabetes and hypertension on serum lipid profiles and atherogenic indices among subjects attending some tertiary health institutions in Bayelsa State. Method: A cross-sectional research design was employed with 200 subjects, 50 apparently healthy adults, 50 subjects with diabetes, 50 with hypertension and 50 with diabetic-hypertensive comorbidity. Serum lipid levels; total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein were measured using standard colorimetric method. Atherogenic indices, including the Castelli Risk index and the Atherogenic Coefficient (AC) were calculated. Data obtained were analyzed using Graphpad Prism Version 9.0.0. (121). Results: Results revealed significantly elevated total cholesterol and LDL levels among diabetic-hypertensive subjects compared to other groups (p<0.001). HDL levels were significantly lower in the diabetic- hypertensive group, indicating profound dyslipidemia. Atherogenic indices including the Castelli risk index and Atherogenic Coefficient were significantly higher in the diabetic-hypertensive subjects reflecting an increased risk for cardiovascular disease or abnormalities. HTN/DM group demonstrated significantly higher CRI-I, CR-II and AC compared to the hypertensive group, suggesting a greater imbalance between atherogenic and protective lipoproteins. Duration-based comparisons revealed that subjects with longer disease duration (6–10 years) generally exhibited more adverse lipid patterns than those with shorter duration (1–5 years), especially among hypertensive and HTN/DM participants. Conclusion: This study emphasize the importance of regular lipid monitoring and integrated clinical strategies to manage subjects with diabetic hypertensive comorbidity, thus reducing adverse health outcomes.

Keywords: Diabetes, Hypertension, Lipid Profiles, Atherogenic Indices, Cardiovascular Risk, Nigeria.