Study of Impact of Hypertensive Disorders and Elevated Homocysteine on Maternal and Fetal Outcomes

Abstract

 Introduction: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including severe preeclampsia and eclampsia, are major contributors to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Elevated homocysteine has been implicated as a biochemical marker of adverse outcomes. Aim: To evaluate maternal and fetal outcomes in women with pregnancy complications compared to normotensive controls. Methods: A comparative study was conducted on 50 women with pregnancy complications and 50 normotensive controls. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were assessed. Hemoglobin and homocysteine levels were measured, and fetal outcomes were documented. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t‑test and chi‑square test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Women with complications had significantly higher rates of preterm delivery (58% vs. 2%), lower mean fetal birth weight (1.64 kg vs. 2.87 kg), and adverse fetal outcomes (82% vs. 2%). Homocysteine levels were markedly elevated in the case group, with 12% severely raised compared to none in controls (p < 0.0001). Hemoglobin levels showed no significant difference. Conclusion: Hypertensive disorders and elevated homocysteine are strongly associated with poor maternal and fetal outcomes. Mechanisms include endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and placental insufficiency. Routine monitoring of homocysteine and early intervention in high‑risk pregnancies are essential to improve neonatal survival.

Keywords: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; Severe preeclampsia