Association between Time to Surgical Intervention and Functional Outcomes in Patients with Hip Fractures: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Hip fractures are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and functional disability, particularly among elderly patients. The timing of surgical intervention is an important potentially modifiable factor influencing postoperative recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the association between surgical timing and functional outcomes in patients with hip fractures. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study included 110 patients with hip fractures, categorized into Group A (early surgery, ≤48 hours; n=55) and Group B (delayed surgery, >48 hours; n=55). Demographic characteristics, fracture patterns, surgical procedures, perioperative parameters, and postoperative complications were assessed. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) at six weeks, three months, and six months. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Results: The mean injury-to-surgery interval was significantly shorter in Group A than Group B (30.2 ± 9.4 versus 76.8 ± 19.6 hours; p<0.001). Early surgery was associated with faster postoperative mobilization (29.4 ± 8.6 versus 39.8 ± 11.2 hours) and shorter hospitalization (6.8 ± 2.1 versus 9.4 ± 3.2 days). At six months, mean HHS was significantly higher in Group A (85.4 ± 7.9) compared with Group B (76.2 ± 9.4; p<0.001). Excellent or good functional outcomes were observed in 78.2% versus 50.9% of patients, respectively. Postoperative complications occurred in 9.1% and 27.3% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: Early surgical intervention was associated with improved functional recovery, earlier mobilization, shorter hospitalization, and fewer postoperative complications. Timely surgical management may contribute to better outcomes following hip fractures.

Keywords: Hip Fracture; Surgical Timing; Early Surgery; Delayed Surgery; Harris Hip Score; Functional Outcomes; Postoperative Complications.