A Cross-Sectional Study to Determine Correlation Between Chronological Age and Radiological Stages of Development of Left Lower Third Molar Tooth in Age Group Between 15 to 22 Years by Using Modified Demirjian Method at SMS Medical College, Jaipur

Abstract

Introduction: Dental age estimation using third molar development is widely employed in forensic practice, particularly during late adolescence when most permanent teeth have completed development. The Modified Demirjian Method (Acharya’s), has been proposed for age estimation in Indian populations; however, its applicability in different regional populations requires validation. Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 native residents of Jaipur aged 15–22 years who underwent orthopantomographic examination. Developmental stages of the left mandibular dentition (FDI 31–38) were assessed using the Modified Demirjian Method. Maturity scores were calculated and converted into dental age using sex-specific Acharya regression equations. Estimated dental age was compared with documented chronological age using appropriate statistical tests. Result: Third molar development demonstrated a progressive increase with advancing age. Stage 3&4 was observed exclusively in the 15–16 years age group, whereas Stage 8&9 predominated in individuals aged 21–22 years. Comparison of chronological age and estimated age revealed statistically significant differences in all age groups and both sexes (p < 0.001). The Acharya method consistently underestimated chronological age. Mean estimated ages for males and females were 12.38 ± 0.88 and 12.58 ± 0.92 years in the 15–16 years age group, and 18.87 ± 0.30 and 18.77 ± 0.30 years, respectively, in the 21–22 years age group. Conclusion: Third molar maturation showed a significant association with chronological age and remains a useful adjunct for forensic age estimation. However, Acharya’s modified Demirjian method underestimated age in the Jaipur population, indicating the need for region-specific regression models and a multidisciplinary approach for medicolegal age assessment.

Keywords: Age estimation, Third molar, Demirjian method, Acharya formula, Orthopantomogram, Forensic odontology.