Infectious Complications, Including COVID-19, in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Experience of the Nephrology and Transplantation Department at CHU Mustapha

Abstract

Introduction: Infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipients due to immunosuppression. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated this risk. Objective: To assess the frequency, types, and outcomes of infectious complications, particularly COVID-19, among kidney transplant recipients followed at CHU Mustapha. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted between December 2020 and November 2021, including 24 patients. Clinical, biological, and outcome data were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 48 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. Pulmonary infections were the most frequent (70%), followed by urinary tract infections (25%) and septicemia (12%). Clinical evolution required hospitalization in 33% of cases, with an overall mortality of 17%. Major risk factors included age >60 years, diabetes, obesity, and combined immunosuppressive regimens. Conclusion: Kidney transplant recipients are highly vulnerable to infections, especially COVID-19. Preventive vaccination, early detection, and immunosuppressive therapy adjustments are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Keywords: Kidney transplantation, COVID-19 Infectious complications, Immunosuppression, Septicemia