Loneliness in aged and older Adults in Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Loneliness has been associated with many physiological changes which often serve as precursor to ill health. Feelings of isolation, or loneliness increases fear in people leading to vigilance and heighten feelings being unsafe. This distressing feeling can result in many physical and mental disorders with consequent reduction in the quality of life. Aim and Objectives: This study investigated the phenomenon of loneliness among midde aged and elderly, mentally ill patients and determined the characteristics of people who are more prone loneliness. Methods: In this cross -sectional study, psychogeriatric patients who consented were assessed for loneliness using a standard questionnaire, the 20 -item University of California Loneliness Assessment scale (UCLA scale). Results: Majority of the patients who attend psychogeriatric clinic are females, 76% of the patients are married and a large proportion of them (28%) are retired civilian servants and retired  security personnel. Dementia is the commonest mental disorder in this sub specialty clinic. More males were rated as lonely than females. Discussion: Loneliness is present in all age groups and in both gender. It has long been associated with increased risk of diseases. Conclusion: Loneliness is generally common among elderly people, most especially those without spouses, clinicians are therefore encouraged to assess and mitigate it.

Keywords: loneliness, middle age, older adults, psycho-geriatrics, Nigeria.