Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Adolescent Girls with Vague Symptoms Post-Menarche: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Gynecology Outpatient Clinic

Abstract

Background:
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that often presents with vague symptoms post-menarche. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent long-term complications.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PCOS in adolescent girls with vague post-menarche symptoms and to assess the relationship between obesity and PCOS.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted over 12 months at a tertiary care hospital. A total of 100 adolescent girls (aged 13-19 years) with symptoms such as irregular periods, acne, and hirsutism were included. PCOS was diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria. Data collection included clinical evaluations (BMI, hyperandrogenism), laboratory tests (serum testosterone, LH/FSH ratio), and pelvic ultrasound. Statistical analyses were performed, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results:
PCOS was diagnosed in 42% of participants. Menstrual irregularities (85%), acne (66%), and hirsutism (54%) were the most common symptoms. Obesity was strongly associated with PCOS, with 72.2% of overweight/obese participants diagnosed compared to 25% of normal-weight participants (p < 0.001). Elevated serum testosterone (64.3%) and abnormal LH/FSH ratios (76.2%) were prevalent in PCOS cases.

Conclusion:
PCOS was highly prevalent in symptomatic adolescents. Early screening, particularly in overweight girls, is essential to prevent complications. Further research is needed to explore long-term outcomes.

Keywords: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, PCOS, adolescent girls, prevalence, cross-sectional study, vague symptoms, post-menarche, gynecology outpatient clinic.