Multifactorial Insights into Delirium: A Prospective Study of ICU Risk Factors and Patient Outcomes

Abstract

Background:

Delirium in ICU patients is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Despite its frequency, delirium is often underdiagnosed and, consequently, undertreated. It is a critical public health issue characterized by a sudden and fluctuating disturbance in attention and cognition.

Objective:

The study aims to contribute to improved quality of care and patient outcomes in the ICU by quantifying the incidence of delirium in a general ICU patient cohort.

Methodology:

This prospective observational study analyzed 1462 ICU patients to identify risk factors associated with delirium development. Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations, underscoring the need for early identification and targeted management of high-risk patients.

Results:
The study involving 1,462 ICU patients shows a significant correlation between older age (especially over 66 years) and ICU admissions, with the highest delirium risk in this age group. A majority of the patients are male, and a substantial number have a history of smoking and family history of cognitive impairment. The most common medications associated with delirium include sedatives, anticholinergics, and opiates, with the longest ICU stays correlating with an increased incidence of delirium.

Conclusion:

Delirium in ICU patients leads to significant adverse outcomes. By identifying patients at increased risk, this study will contribute to the body of knowledge necessary to improve delirium prevention and management strategies, thereby enhancing patient care and reducing the burden on healthcare systems.

Keywords: Delirium Prevention, Critical Care Outcomes, ICU Risk Assessment, Neuropsychiatric Interventions, Patient-Centered Care