Association of Maternal Body Mass Index with Materno-Fetal Outcome

Abstract

Objective: To categorise pregnant women according to their BMI noted in first trimester and to note materno-fetal outcome in each group. Also to note the awareness of pre-pregnancy weight amongst pregnant women. Method: A cross sectional study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad from December 2020 to December 2022. Pregnant women with singleton pregnancy having their first trimester height and weight record were included in this study. Total 322 participants that were admitted in the labour room during this period were stratified into 4 group based on obesity classification by WHO. The antenatal, intrapartum, postpartum and neonatal outcome was studied in each BMI category. Postpartum weight loss after 48 hours was also noted. Result: Majority of women did not know their pre conception weight in a developing country like India. Obesity is one of the factors for infertility and a significant women required the need for ART for conception. Abnormal weight gain was seen in abnormal BMI pregnant women and there was significant postpartum weight loss in overweight women. GDM, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, FGR, failure of induction, mode of delivery are affected by the higher BMI of pregnant women. Macrosomia, lactation failure was also seen in obese women. Conclusion: Obesity in pregnant women is a serious concern as it can lead to complications during antenatal and perinatal periods, as well as long term effects on both the mother and the baby and close supervision and proper care can greatly improve the outcomes of pregnancy.

Keywords: Body mass index, Maternal obesity, Macrosomia, Gestational diabetes mellitus