A STUDY ON THE INCIDENCE AND SPECTRUM OF HEART DISEASES IN NEONATES BORN TO DIABETIC MOTHERS

Abstract

ABSTRACT:

Introduction: One of the important complications of diabetes in pregnancy is diabetic embryopathy leading to congenital anomalies. This study was done with the objective of estimating the incidence of congenital heart diseases in neonates born to diabetic mothers and to study the spectrum of heart diseases in neonates born to diabetic mothers. Methodology: This study was a prospective observational study done at the department of neonatology, Kanyakumari Government Medical College and Hospital between January 2021 to October 2021 on 50 consecutive infants born to diabetic mothers fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria.  All neonates enrolled in the study were evaluated in the first 10 days of life with detailed clinical examination, Chest Xray, ECG and Echocardiography. Results: The incidence of heart disease in neonates born to diabetic mothers was 30% in our study. Of the 30 neonates with congential heart diseases, 26 (86.67%) had acyanotic congenital heart disease and 4 (13.33%) had congenital cyanotic heart disease. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy was the commonest observed heart disease among neonates born to diabetic mothers. Clinical manifestations were present in only 56.4% of the neonates with heart diseases. Xray and ECG findings were present in 56.4% and 50.9% of the cases respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between incidence of heart disease and type of diabetes, gestational age and size of gestational age in the neonates born to diabetic mothers. Conclusion: Routine echocardiogram is recommended in all neonates born to diabetic mothers.

KEYWORDS: Infant of diabetic mother, Neonates born to diabetic mothers, Cardiac diseases in neonates of diabetic mothers, Gestational Diabetes, Congenital heart disease in neonates