PREVALANCE OF HYPONATREMIA IN MICROBIOLOGICALLY CONFIRMED PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENT IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that most often affects the lungs. India is the highest TB burden country - an estimated incidence of 26.9 lakh cases in 2019. Hyponatremia is one of the most common and important electrolyte abnormalities in clinical practice.Hyponatremia is defined as serum sodium less than 135 mmol/litre, Mild hyponatremia is serum sodium concentration between 130 and 135 mmol/moderate hyponatremia is between 125 and 129 mmol/l and Severe hyponatremia is less than 125 mmol/l respectively.
Early detection and treatment of underlying hyponatremia can potentially reduce mortality and morbidity associated with tuberculosis and shorten the duration of hospital stay. Adrenal TB is one of the causes of hyponatremia which can lead to death in few cases if not treated properly so has to be identified earlier.
Materials and methods
This study was conducted in patients diagnosed with Pulmonary Tuberculosis at Department of Pulmonary medicine. It was a Retrospective study. Patients treated as microbiologically confirmed PTB from June 2021 to June 2022 were included in the study. It was a retrospective study in 122 patients.
Inclusion criteria are microbiologically confirmed Pulmonary Tuberculosis cases that were admitted in the hospital. Exclusion criteria: Pregnancy, Kidney disease, Patients on diuretics and medicines related to SIADH, DRTB
Results
A total of 122 microbiologically confirmed tuberculosis patients were included in the study the mean age of the population was 47.13±13.83. With 66 (54%)male and 56(46%) female.73(59.8%) patients out of 122 patients had hyponatremia. The mean age was 45.5±13.6 in patients with hyponatremia and the mean age was 49.95±13.73 in patients with normal sodium levels. The difference in the age was not statistically significant with a p value of 0.08. The mean weight of the patients was 54kgs with a standard deviation of 10.33kgs.the correlation between weight and serum sodium levels was calculated but that was not statistically significant.