Impact of Erector Spinae Plane Block on Respiratory Function and Pain Management in Patients with Multiple Rib Fractures: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Rib fractures are a common injury that often result in significant pain and respiratory complications. Effective pain management is crucial to improve patient outcomes. Erector spinae plane blocks have emerged as a novel regional anesthesia technique, providing promising results in the management of rib fracture pain. Objectives:
This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of erector spinae plane blocks in rib fracture pain management, focusing on their analgesic benefits, opioid-sparing effects, and impact on respiratory outcomes. Methods:
A systematic review was conducted by analyzing clinical studies and case reports that assessed the use of erector spinae plane blocks for rib fracture pain. Data were extracted on pain relief, opioid consumption, respiratory parameters, and associated complications. Results: A total of 10 studies were included comprising 593 patients with a mean age of 52.1 years. erector spinae plane blocks demonstrated significant pain reduction, enhanced respiratory function, and reduced opioid requirements in patients with rib fractures. Most studies reported minimal complications, and the technique was noted for its simplicity and safety. However, variations in outcomes were observed depending on block administration protocols and patient characteristics. Conclusions:Erector spinae plane blocks are an effective and safe option for managing rib fracture pain, providing substantial analgesia while minimizing opioid usage and associated risks. Their application improves respiratory outcomes and reduces the burden of pulmonary complications. Further research is recommended to standardize protocols and assess long-term outcomes.

Keywords: Erector spinae plane block, rib fractures, pain management, regional anesthesia, opioid-sparing analgesia.