A Concise Review Study on Diabetic Nephropathy: Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, and Treatment

Abstract

Diabetes-related kidney disease is known as diabetic nephropathy (DN). It is also known as renal disease and manifests progressively over many years. It is assumed that DN will require therapy for about one in five diabetics. In developed countries, diabetic kidney disease is assumed as mainly responsible for end-stage kidney disease. It is suggested that about 40% of cases of diabetes are prone to diabetic kidney diseases. Thus, the incidence of increasing cases of this disease is linked to diabetic patients. Proteinuria is also an important indicator of diabetic kidney disease. However, the start and progression of kidney disease, as well as proteinuria, can vary widely from one person to another (Furuichi et al., 2018). Other pathological indicators include podocyte injury, structural changes in the glomerular filtration apparatus, reduction in glomerular filtration, and expansion of mesangium, etc. Although chronic albuminuria and a progressive loss in renal function are the hallmarks of the clinical illness. DN can also be treated to decrease its progression if identified early. This article will explain the clinical features of DN, epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy; Chronic Kidney Disease; Diabetic Kidney Disease;