Evaluating the efficacy of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) Protocols versus traditional care in complex spinal deformity correction: A prospective observational analysis of recovery metrics and patient outcomes

Abstract

Background: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols are designed to optimize postoperative outcomes through a multidisciplinary approach to perioperative care. Their efficacy in complex spinal deformity surgeries, characterized by high complication rates and prolonged recovery, remains underexplored. Objective: This study evaluates the impact of ERAS protocols on recovery metrics, postoperative complications, and patient satisfaction compared to traditional care in patients undergoing complex spinal deformity correction. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted with 100 patients divided into ERAS (n=50) and standard care (n=50) groups. The ERAS protocol incorporated preoperative education, multimodal analgesia, goal-directed fluid therapy, and early mobilization. Outcome measures included recovery time, postoperative complications (e.g., infections, neurological deficits), and patient satisfaction, assessed at predefined intervals using validated tools. Results: Patients in the ERAS group demonstrated significantly faster recovery, with earlier ambulation (2.3 ± 0.5 days vs. 4.1 ± 1.1 days, p<0.001) and shorter hospital stays (5.4 ± 1.2 days vs. 8.3 ± 1.7 days, p<0.001). Complication rates were markedly lower in the ERAS group, including reduced infections (5% vs. 12%, p=0.02) and neurological deficits (2% vs. 5%, p=0.03). Patient satisfaction was higher across all domains, particularly in overall recovery experience (mean score 8.9 ± 0.7 vs. 7.3 ± 1.2, p<0.001). Conclusion: ERAS protocols significantly enhance postoperative recovery, reduce complications, and improve patient satisfaction in complex spinal deformity surgeries. These findings support their broader adoption and warrant further investigation in larger, multicenter trials to optimize patient outcomes and standardize care practices.

Keywords: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery, spinal surgery, postoperative complications, patient satisfaction, early mobilization.