Emotional and Psychological Well-being in Children with Chronic Medical Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study with Healthy Peers

Abstract

Background:

Chronic medical conditions in children (e.g., diabetes, epilepsy) pose significant challenges beyond physical health, potentially impacting emotional and psychological well-being. This study aimed to assess and compare the mental health status of children with chronic illnesses to that of their healthy counterparts, focusing on parameters like anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and quality of life.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, participants aged 8-17 were recruited, including 150 children with various chronic conditions (Group A) and 150 healthy peers (Group B). Standardized tools, including the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS), were administered to participants and their parents. Socio-demographic data and medical histories were collected through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were employed for analysis, with a p-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results:

The study starkly contrasts the well-being of children with chronic conditions against healthy peers, finding those with chronic illnesses face significantly lower quality of life, greater mental health challenges, and reduced social functioning. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) in quality-of-life scores and parent-reported outcomes highlight the broad impact of chronic conditions on children's lives, suggesting a need for targeted support measures.

Conclusions:

This study underscores the substantial impact of chronic medical conditions on the emotional and psychological well-being of children, pointing to an urgent need for integrated healthcare approaches. Medical management of chronic conditions in pediatric populations should encompass mental health support strategies, ensuring comprehensive care that addresses the multifaceted challenges these children face. Further research is necessary to develop and assess targeted intervention programs within this demographic.

Keywords: pediatric, chronic medical conditions, psychological well-being, quality of life, anxiety, depression