An array of Metabolic Disturbances Associated with Status Asthmaticus

Abstract

Background

Status asthmaticus is a severe and potentially life-threatening asthma exacerbation refractory to standard treatments, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is significantly associated with electrolyte imbalances resulting in metabolic disturbances that considerably adds to the deterioration of clinical condition.

Objective

The aim of our study is to illuminate the incidence of electrolyte imbalance and metabolic disturbances, including both metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, in patients with status asthmaticus. 

Materials & Methods

An observational, hospital-based, retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with status asthmaticus admitted over the period of past two years, January 2021 to December 2022. The sample comprised of 72 known asthmatic patients of age 12-65 years. The data was based on serum electrolyte levels (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphate) and results of arterial blood gases at the time of presentation in ER. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS v.20.

Results

All the status asthmaticus patients were having acute electrolyte and metabolic disturbances. Metabolic acidosis (n=13, 18%) was more prevalent than metabolic alkalosis. However, respiratory acidosis with metabolic alkalosis was found more common, associated with the severity and poor outcome (n=26, 36%). Among all, 13%, 15%, 35%, and 38% had 1, 2, 3 and >3 electrolyte disturbances, respectively.

Conclusion

Electrolytes and metabolic profile derangements are common amongst the status asthmaticus patients. While managing the life-threatening status asthmaticus, it is also essential to monitor serum electrolytes and acid-base levels to improve prognosis.

Keywords

status asthmaticus, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic disorder, pathophysiology, complications