Anatomical variations of femoral artery in the site of origin of profunda femoris, lateral circumflex femoral, and medial circumflex femoral arteries

Abstract

Background: In the realm of medicine, it is general knowledge that the femoral artery can function as an entry point for a broad variety of diagnostic and investigative procedures to be carried out. Aim: The present study is to determine the anatomical variations of the origins of the Profunda Femoris Artery (PFA), Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery (LCFA), and Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery (MCFA). Materials & methods: T The Institutional Ethics Committee has approved this work. Upon approval, this investigation got under way. This cadaveric investigation involved 60 embalmed and formalin-fixed remains from the anatomy departments of Index Medical College & Hospital. Sixty bodies preserved in formalin were used in the investigation (38 male and 22 female).  Results: It was found that the PFA originated from the lateral side. As measured from its beginning, the shortest length of the PFA origin from the Mid Inguinal Point (MIP) was exactly 2.2 centimeters. 5.8 centimeters was the longest length that was measured. It was established that 4.4 centimeters is the length that is most typical. There was a total of 18 samples, and out of those, there were six cases (12%) in which the LCFA and the PFA originated as a Common Trunk (CT) from the FA. The FA was the starting point for all of the samples. Four out of thirty-six samples (6%) had all three LCFA branches emanated directly from the PFA. The MCFA originated from the PFA in 36 out of the 60 specimens that were investigated, while it originated from the FA in 22 out of those specimens (33%). In four of the cases, the MCFA emerged as a common trunk (CT) in conjunction with the PFA. Conclusion: The origins of the PFA, Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery, and MCFA vary. Orthopedists and surgeons who perform femoral surgery will benefit from this study. Also, it will be helpful to doctors before interventional treatments and radiologists for picture interpretation.