Anatomical Landmark Technique in the Placement of Jugular Hemodialysis Catheters

Abstract

Deep venous access, requiring puncture of a large-caliber vein, represents a crucial step in many medical procedures, including the placement of hemodialysis catheters. This vein, often non-visible and non-palpable, can be located by referring to anatomical landmarks such as bony, muscular, or vascular structures. However, the success of this technique heavily relies on the operator's experience, as well as the likelihood that the patient's anatomy corresponds to the most commonly described patterns. Despite the advent of ultrasound guidance as the gold standard for hemodialysis catheter placement due to its increased precision and safety, it is essential for practitioners to remain proficient in the anatomical landmarks technique. There are situations where ultrasound is unavailable or urgent circumstances require immediate intervention, making knowledge and mastery of anatomical landmarks essential to ensure optimal patient care. Therefore, it is imperative for our young colleagues to continue learning and practicing the anatomical landmarks technique, especially in contexts where access to ultrasound is limited. This skill will enable them to effectively intervene in emergency situations and guarantee positive outcomes for patients, even in the absence of advanced technological equipment. By combining the advantages of ultrasound guidance with mastery of anatomical landmarks, healthcare professionals can deliver high-quality, patient-centered care in every clinical scenario.

Keywords: hemodialysis catheter, anatomical landmarks, internal jugular vein.