IMPACT OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC DISORDER IN DEVELOPMENT OF CATARACT

Abstract

Abstract: - Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease of inadequate control of blood levels of glucose. It has many subclassifications, including type 1, type 2, maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), gestational diabetes, neonatal diabetes, and steroid-induced diabetes. Type 1 and 2 DM are the main subtypes, each with different pathophysiology, presentation, and management, but both have a potential for hyperglycemia. Definition of hypertension given by Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC) on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in 2003, systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than 90 mm Hg. The 2014 JNC Report focused on hypertension treatment targets with dichotomized recommendation to initiate pharmacological treatment depending on a cut-off age of 60 yrs. to lower blood pressure to <150/90 mm hg. A cataract is a major cause of blindness in developed and developing countries. Various cardiovascular and metabolic conditions have been proposed as possible contributors to the etiopathology of the disease, including diabetes mellitus (DM), arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia, since adequate control of those parameters have been shown to be beneficial to prevent cataract development and decrease its progression rate. The incidence and progression rate of cataract is found to be elevated in diabetic patients, who are also at a higher risk of intra- and postoperative complications regarding cataract surgery compared to non-diabetics.

Keywords: cataract; arterial hypertension; diabetes mellitus; dyslipidemia.