Study of histopathological spectrum of gallbladder diseases
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Abstract
Introduction: Gallbladder diseases are one of the most common surgical problems encountered on a routine basis. The spectrum of gallbladder histopathology is diverse ranging from acute or chronic inflammation to metaplasia and even malignancies. The aim of this study was to analyse the histopathological spectrum of gallbladder diseases at a tertiary care hospital in Navi Mumbai.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 471 cholecystectomy specimens received in histopathology section of Department of Pathology over a period of 5 years from January 2016 to December 2020 at MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai. Clinical details of the patient including age and sex along with other relevant clinical findings were taken from the requisition forms received with the surgically resected cholecystectomy specimens.
Results: There were total 471 cases consisting of 280 (59%) females and 191 (41%) males. Maximum number of patients were in the 3rd and 4th decades of life (52.6%). Most common pathology noted in our study was Chronic calculous cholecystitis seen in 280 cases (59.4%). Other benign lesions that were reported were chronic acalculous cholecystitis (33.1%), acute on chronic cholecystitis (4%), xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (0.6%) and acute cholecystitis (0.4%). One case each of follicular cholecystitis, acute suppurative cholecystitis, subacute cholecytsitis, eosinophilic cholecystitis and acute gangrenous cholecystitis were also noted. Three cases of choledochal cysts were observed along with 2 cases of intestinal metaplasia and one case of adenocarcinoma of gallbladder.
Conclusion: Almost all of the gallbladder lesions were inflammatory in origin with Chronic Calculous Cholecystitis being the most common. However, a small percentage of patients had congenital defects, pre-malignant and malignant lesions. Hence, thorough and detailed histopathological examination of all cholecystectomy specimens is of utmost importance.
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