Study on impact of Rheumatic Heart Disease in Pregnancy

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

Cardiac disease in pregnancy is a high-risk pregnancy, which poses a significant challenge to treating obstetrician and other health care providers. We, therefore retrospectively examined the frequency of pregnancy-related complications in Indian women with Rheumatic Heart Disease.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

A retrospective study was done in MGMC, Jaipur from October 2020 to September 2021 in order to evaluate the prevalence of Rheumatic Heart disease in pregnancy and its maternal and fetal outcomes.

RESULT AND OBSERVATION:

Out of 2378 deliveries 90 patients had Rheumatic Heart Disease (3.78%). Maximum patients belonged to age group of 26-30 years (40%) and lower middle SES (67.7%). Most patients were primigravida (48.8%) with gestational age 37-40weeks (56.5%). Most common lesion in RHD was found to be Mitral valve stenosis (46.6%) while the most common cardiac complication was CCF (33.3%). Other complications included anaemia (18.8%), PIH (25%) and 13.3% went to ICU. 61.2% delivered vaginally and 38.8% were LSCS. Preterm birth (43.3%) was most common neonatal complication.

CONCLUSION:

Prognosis of pregnant women with Rheumatic Heart Disease has improved, thereby decreasing feto-maternal morbidity and mortality. We therefore stress the need to monitor cardiac patient for early detection and management of heart failure throughout the course of pregnancy, labor and puerperium.