Radiological Imaging analysis of Intracranial and Extracranial Complications of Acute and Chronic Mastoiditis

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: Mastoiditis is a common complication of Otitis Media. If left untreated, it can further complicate with its intracranial and extracranial extensions. To avoid such perplexities, early diagnostic imaging should be performed, and surgical intervention should be planned accordingly.

Objective: The aim of the study is to highlight the significance of diagnostic radiological imaging in the early diagnosis of complications associated with acute and chronic mastoiditis as well as the role of aggressive surgical intervention as a life saving measure in complicated cases, which are either refractory to intravenous medication or have intracranial extensions.

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study consisting of 56 successfully treated patients for intracranial and extracranial complications of acute or chronic mastoiditis in past one year, at Children Hospital & Institute of Child Health Lahore, May 2021- June 2022.

Results: Out of 56 patients, 32 patients were diagnosed with acute mastoiditis and 24 with chronic mastoiditis. Male predominance was noted with male to female ratio 1.9:1. The incidences peaked at the age of 2-5 years and 10-14 years. The most common associated complications were Conductive hearing loss 82.1%, Ossicular erosions 75%, Meningitis 67.8%, and Subperiosteal abscess 60%. All the patients underwent mastoidectomy with different approaches, relevant to their pathology.

Conclusion: The medical treatment is often inadequate or inappropriate for the complete eradication of mastoid pathology. Additionally, the ongoing antibiotic therapy frequently masks the signs and symptoms of life-threatening complications of mastoiditis. In cases like these, radiological investigations play a pivotal role in the early diagnosis and planning of prompt surgical intervention to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality.