Ear Barotrauma in Air Travel Pathophysiology, Prevention, and Management

Abstract

Ear barotrauma is a frequent condition caused by rapid pressure changes during air travel, primarily affecting the middle ear due to Eustachian tube dysfunction. Symptoms range from mild discomfort and transient hearing loss to severe pain, tympanic membrane rupture, and inner ear complications. This review is based on electronic literature using the best available evidence from PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, This review discusses the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and prevention of air travel-related ear barotrauma. Evidence-based preventive strategies and treatment options are highlighted to minimize its impact on travellers.

Keywords: Barotrauma, Eustachian tube dysfunction, air travel, tympanic membrane, middle ear pressure, otitis media