Role of MRI in Diagnosis and Staging of Urinary Bladder Carcinoma – A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Bladder Carcinoma is a urological malignancy 7^th common cancer in Males in comparable to Females. Its main cause is exposure with the chemicals, industry pollution, smoking. Painless hematuria is the most common symptoms among the patients with Urinary Bladder Carcinoma. Objective: This investigation provides an overview of published literature with a focus on Role of MRI in diagnosis and staging of Urinary Bladder Carcinoma with the help of the sequences DCEI and DWI. Method: It was a Systematic Review Based study accumulates 97 articles published from 2008 to 2024 examining Role of MRI with DCE, DWI, mp -MRI in the assessment of Urinary Bladder Carcinoma. The authors performed various search platforms such as PubMed, Science Direct, Springer. Web of Science databases to retrieve high original research quality research articles. After that high quality articles were divided into categories endorsing DWI and DCE in MRI. Result: A total of 50 original research articles met our inclusion criteria were evaluated in this study. The articles included 23 prospective studies, 14 retrospective studies, 11 literature reviews, 2 cross-sectional studies, and 1 quasi-experimental study. Regarding MRI sequences, 29 articles focused on DWI, 10 on DCE, 6 on standard MRI, and 5 on multi-parametric MRI (mp-MRI). Overall, we found that DWI is responsible for staging of the bladder cancer with the ADC measurements for assessing tumor behavior, correlates with its histopathological grades and DCE is responsible for the treatment planning and improving patient survival rates. Both are playing an vital role in the diagnosis, prognosis and staging of the Urinary Bladder Carcinoma. Conclusion:  This study highlights that DWI and DCE are the promising diagnostic tools in the evaluation of the bladder cancer with its efficiency in differentiating the characterization of the tumor. It provides biological & physiological information for the prognosis of the Bladder Carcinoma.

Keywords: DCE, DWI, MRI, Bladder Carcinoma, mp- MRI.