Juliana Fontes Beltran Paschoal1-11
1Medical student. University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP). Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil.
Lívia Pinke Pinheiro6
6Medical student. University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE). Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil.
Thalita Pinheiro Morel Alineri 6
6Medical student. University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE). Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil.
Délio Tiago Martins Malaquias1
1Medical student. University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP). Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil.
Eduardo Tavares de Jesus2
2Medical graduate. Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE). São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Giuliana Pagliace3
3Medical student. University for the Integration of the Americas (UNIDA), Ciudad del Este, Paraguay.
Rafael Pinheiro do Nascimento4
4Medical student. Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE). São Paulo, Brazil.
Sarah Olinda de Lima5
5Medical student. Prof. Franco Montoro Municipal College (FMPFM). Mogi Guaçu, São Paulo, Brazil.
Isabela Caminha Mauad6
6Medical student. University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE). Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil.
Willians dos Santos Rocha1
1Medical student. University of Ribeirão Preto. Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil.
Thayane Gonçalves da Silva Marques1
1Medical student. University of Ribeirão Preto. Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil.
Aline Cristina Couto da Silva1
1Medical student. University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP). Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil.
Maria Eduarda Pellegrina Vieira4
4Medical student. Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE). São Paulo, Brazil.
Gabriel Urquiza Carvalho7
7Medical student. Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE). São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Giovana Casarini Yamashiro7
7Medical student. Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE). São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Eliane Moreira da Silva1
1Medical student. University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP). Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil.
Maria Clara Guimaraes Costa1
1Medical student. University of Ribeirão Preto. Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil.
Isabela Marini Ferreira7
7Medical student. Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE). São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Rubens Rodrigues Tudela8
8Medical student. University of São Judas. Cubatão, São Paulo, Brazil.
José Carlos Ferreira da Silva1
1Medical student. University of Ribeirão Preto. Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil.
Leonardo Tomé da Silva1
1Medical student. University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP). Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil.
Erica Miriam Fernandes Miranda Vao1
1Medical student. University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP). Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil.
Maria Victoria Moncada Xavier1
1Medical student. University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP). Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil.
Julia Alves Banzati Viana9
9Medical student. Faculty of Medical Sciences of São José dos Campos - Humanitas. São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
Ana Luiza Zampar Quintana Gomes10
10Medical student. University Prof. Edson Antônio Velano. Unifenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Thiago A. Rochetti Bezerra1-12
1,12Medical student. University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP). Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract
Introduction: The use of sedatives in the elderly requires caution due to the increased risk of complications in this age group. Although there are no specific statistics from the Ministry of Health on complications resulting from the use of sedatives in the elderly, studies indicate that polypharmacy and the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are common in this population, increasing the risk of drug interactions and adverse events. Objectives: To compare the side effects of the most commonly used sedatives and determine the drug with greater clinical safety and less functional impact. Methodology: This study is a systematic review of clinical trials and observational studies published between 2019 and 2024. Systematic literature review: Although sedatives are essential tools in the management of critically ill patients, their use requires careful monitoring due to the risk of significant adverse effects. The choice of agent should be based on the individual characteristics of the patient, and protocols should be implemented to reduce complications. In summary, according to the literature presented, the drug with the lowest incidence of falls was Ramelteone and zolpidem. Regarding residual drowsiness, Ramelteon presented the highest overall risk, and Benzodiazepines and promethazine. Conclusion: Elderly patients have pharmacokinetic changes, such as lower renal and hepatic clearance, which make them more vulnerable to adverse effects of sedatives. The results indicate that Ramelteon is the safest drug for mild to moderate sedation, especially in patients with a history of falls or cognitive impairment. The choice of sedative should be individualized, considering the patient's clinical condition and the risk of complications.
Keywords: Elderly, geriatric, Sedation, sedative drugs, hypnotics, Adverse effects, side effects, safety profile.
